The carburator has 2 barrels, but only the primary barrel will open under acceleration. It is not until the gas peddle is fully depressed and a certain amount of vacuum is created in the intake manifold that the 2nd barrel will open up.
This is not quite true. During acceleration the primary throttle plate opens completely as the pedal is being pressed. This produces low pressure in the intake manifold and opens the secondary throttle plate.
I'll try to explain this. When the engine accelerates the air suction increases (because the pistons go down more and more rapidly), but the air flow through the intake elements is too slow to satisfy the engine demands. Actually the air flow can't change instantly and because of that there is a difference in speed of air flow in every part of the intake. So the speed of air flow through the filter case opening to the atmosphere is much lower than the speed of air flow in front of intake valves, consequently the pressure in the manifold is lower than the atmospheric pressure (the faster the air flow is, the lower is the pressure - law of physics). When the acceleration is over and the engine speed is constant or have reached the maximum, the air flow through the intake stabilizes and it isn't different throughout the intake anymore.
The conclusion is that the secondary throttle plate opens while accelerating and then closes when the desired speed is achieved, thus improving the acceleration, but also lowering the fuel consumption. It is true that when the pedal is depressed, the secondary throttle plate opens and this is why the engines with this type of carburetor need some time to slow down.
The actual gains and losses with this modification are:
1. When the pedal is pressed over 1/3 the secondary throttle opens instantly and there is no lag that would be produced by vacuum elements. This means the acceleration is better.
2. When the pedal is depressed both throttle plates close at once and engine slows down faster. This also slightly improves fuel economy.
3. Because the second throttle is not closing on high revs the top speed rises a little, but the fuel consumption rises quite a lot. You'll probably get around 20MPG, and that is why you shouldn't do it.
I apologize for my not so good English, but it is not my first language.