On the third picture the wire from the connector under your thumb shows some damage to the insulation, exposing the conductor within. Also, the same black and white connector under your thumb looks to be either the cause, or pretty close to the cause, of the issue. I would Disconnect the connectors going into the red block and see if you can start and operate the car with the main battery lead attached to your new clamp.
If you need the additional wires you could remove the connector and see if you could add them to the clamp, and insulate where necessary with tape.
I'm with skymera, wouldn't drive it as is. :-(